Abstract Bacterial cellulose has been considered a potential ingredient in food development. In this study it was used to replace fat in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) mechanically separated meat sausages. Response surface methodology with complete Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 22 was used, including 4 axial points and 3 center points, with fat ranging from 0 to 8% and bacterial cellulose ranging from 0 to 13.66%. The variables BC and fat had no significant effect (p>0.05) on hardness, gumminess and color parameters c and h of sausages. BC had a significant effect (p<0.05) on cohesiveness, adhesiveness and luminosity, and tests 1 and 2 provided the best formulations.

Abstract Emulsified meat products have a high fat content. The industry has been looking for strategies to replace fat with healthier products in order to meet consumer demands. This review aims to present studies on the use of BC as a substitute in emulsified meat products. In these studies, BC proved to be a potential fat replacer, as it maintained the same technological and sensory properties found in products with original fat content.

Abstract This study investigated the depuration time of tilapia in saline and freshwater environments and its influence on animal performance and meat quality. Depuration until the seventh day resulted in significant reductions in average weight, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and fillet yield in both environments. Regarding proximate composition, the saline environment promoted the maintenance of crude protein, moisture and ash percentages. Depuration in the freshwater environment resulted in reduced percentages of crude protein, ash and energy and increased humidity. Total lipids were reduced in both environments, but with a significantly lower in saline. Maximum rigor index occurred in up to three and nine hours for fish depurated in freshwater and saline environments, respectively. During the post-rigor period, the rigor index experienced a sharp drop in the freshwater environment, while in the saline environment it remained similar to that of the pre-depuration group. Depuration in a saline environment for up to seven days was efficient at maintaining of proximate composition and rigor mortis, however, depuration until the fifth day is indicated to maintain performance indices.

Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito do tratamento térmico do suco de tangerina murcote em relação ao teor de carotenóides totais, ao perfil de carotenóides (luteína, zeaxantina, β-criptoxantina e β-caroteno), aos compostos fenólicos totais, ao ácido ascórbico e à capacidade antioxidante. No processo, utilizou-se um trocador de calor tubular, sendo avaliados 11 tratamentos seguindo um ensaio fatorial completo 2² com três repetições no ponto central, com quatro pontos axiais e uma região de observação de 88 a 100 ºC e 16 a 44 s. O teor de caratenóides totais decresceu de forma significativa em quase todos os tratamentos aplicados, se comparado ao valor encontrado para o suco in natura. A maioria dos tratamentos não reduziu de forma significativa os teores dos caratenóides luteína, zeaxantina e β-criptoxantina. Além disso, o teor de β-caroteno não sofreu alterações significativas em todos os tratamentos avaliados. A análise de variância mostrou que, para os caratenóides, não ocorreram interações significativas entre as variáveis temperatura e tempo. Os teores de ácido ascórbico e compostos fenólicos totais apresentaram reduções em seis condições avaliadas, ao passo que, em quatro, observou-se um aumento dos teores de compostos fenólicos totais, causado provavelmente pela evaporação da água presente no suco. A maior redução do teor de ácido ascórbico e o maior aumento para compostos fenólicos totais foi observado para o binômio 100 ºC/30 s. O teor de ácido ascórbico sofreu de forma significativa a influência da temperatura e esse processo de degradação pode ser descrito por meio de um modelo quadrático. Todos os tratamentos utilizados reduziram a capacidade antioxidante do suco, sendo mais intensa para o binômio 100 ºC/30 s. As variações observadas não alteraram de maneira considerável as características nutricionais do suco e os tratamentos térmicos realizados a 94 ºC por 16 a 44 s possibilitaram menores alterações e/ou maiores retenções nos compostos determinados.

This study evaluated the effect of thermal treatment on the total carotenoid concentration, the carotenoid profile (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene), total phenolic compound content, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity of Murcott Tangerine juice. Using a tubular heat exchanger eleven treatments were evaluated based on a full 2² factorial design with three replicates at the central point, four axial points and a region of observation from 88 to 100 ºC and from 16 to 44 s. The total carotenoid content decreased significantly in almost all treatments when compared with the results obtained for the fresh juice. The carotenoid levels (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin) were not significantly reduced by most of the treatments studied, and the β-carotene content was not significantly changed by any treatment. For the carotenoid contents, the analysis of variance showed no significant interactions between the variables of temperature and time. The levels of ascorbic acid and total phenolic compounds decreased in six of the conditions evaluated, while in four treatments an increase in the total phenolic compounds was observed, probably due to evaporation of water from the juice. The greatest reduction and the greatest increase of, respectively, ascorbic acid and total phenolic compounds were observed for the binomial of 100 ºC/30 s. The ascorbic acid content was significantly influenced by the temperature, and its degradation process can be described using a quadratic model. All the treatments applied reduced the antioxidant capacity of the juice, but the reduction was higher for the binomial 100 ºC/30 s. The nutritional characteristics of the juice were little affected by the changes observed, and the heat treatments carried out at 94 ºC for 16 to 44 s allowed for the smallest changes and/or the highest retentions of the determined compounds.

A carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) é uma alternativa para a diversificação de novos produtos à base de pescado e também se mostra como um destino para os resíduos da indústria de filetagem. A carne mecanicamente separada de tilápia foi utilizada, neste estudo, na formulação de patê, com o objetivo de investigar a aceitabilidade desse produto pelos consumidores. Duas formulações de patê foram preparadas, com diferentes tipos de sais comerciais: sal temperado (A) e sal comum (B). Consumidores (112) avaliaram a aceitação em relação à impressão global, à espalhabilidade, à aparência e ao sabor em escala hedônica de nove pontos. A análise microbiológica da carne mecanicamente separada de tilápia e a composição química da formulação de patê de tilápia também foram determinadas. Quando a aceitação de todos os consumidores foi considerada, a impressão global, a aparência e o sabor foram significativamente (p < 0,05) inferiores para o patê de tilápia com sal comum (B). No entanto, três diferentes grupos de consumidores foram encontrados a partir da aceitabilidade da impressão global do patê de tilápia. O maior segmento também preferiu o patê de tilápia com sal temperado (A), mas ambos tiveram alta aceitabilidade. A CMS de tilápia apresentou qualidade como matéria-prima de acordo com regulamento técnico sobre padrões microbiológicos. O produto final apresentou a seguinte composição química: umidade - 62,17%; cinzas - 2,11%; proteína - 9,75%, e lipídios - 18,81%. Esses resultados podem ser de grande importância para a indústria no desenvolvimento e na comercialização de novos produtos obtidos a partir da carne mecanicamente separada de tilápia.

Mechanically Separated Meat (MSM) is an alternative for the diversification of new fish-based products and also as a solution for the use of waste from the filleting industries. Tilapia MSM was used in this study for the formulation of a fish spread aimed at investigating its acceptability by consumers. Two spread formulations were prepared with different types of commercial salt: seasoned salt (A) and common salt (B). The consumers (112) evaluated their acceptance with respect to overall impression, spreadability, appearance and flavour acceptability on a 9-point hedonic scale. A microbiological analysis of the Tilapia MSM was also carried out and the chemical composition of the Tilapia MSM-based spread determined. When considering the acceptance of all the consumers, the overall impression, appearance and flavour were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the spread made with common salt (B). However, three different consumer segments could be found from the overall impression of the Tilapia MSM-based spread. The largest segment also preferred the spread made with the seasoned salt (A), but both products were well accepted. The tilapia MSM presented adequate quality as a raw material according to the technical regulations for microbiological standards. The final product presented the following chemical composition: moisture - 62.17%; ash - 2.11%; protein - 9.75% and lipid - 18.81%. These results could be of great importance for the industry in developing and marketing new products obtained from mechanically separated Tilapia meat.